The subaxial cervical spine (C3–C7) forms the lower cervical vertebral column and is essential for neck mobility, spinal cord protection, and load transfer. These vertebrae feature lateral masses, articular facets, laminae, and transverse foramina for vertebral artery passage.
Superior Articular Surface
- Located on the upper aspect of the lateral mass.
- Articulates with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above.
- Orientation is generally posterior and superior, forming a zygapophyseal joint.
Lateral Mass
- Thick, weight-bearing portion of the vertebra located between the pedicle and lamina.
- Supports both superior and inferior articular facets.
- Frequently used as a fixation point in posterior cervical instrumentation.
Lamina
- Posteromedial bony plates connecting the spinous process to the lateral mass.
- Encloses and protects the spinal canal posteriorly.
- Site for laminotomy, laminectomy, or fusion surgeries.
Spinous Process
- Midline projection extending posteriorly.
- Serves as an attachment for the nuchal ligament and posterior cervical musculature.
- Bifid in upper subaxial levels (commonly C3–C5).
Inferior Articular Surface
- Located on the underside of the lateral mass.
- Articulates with the superior articular facet of the vertebra below.
- Helps maintain segmental stability and movement, particularly extension and lateral bending.
Transverse Foramen
- Found within the transverse process.
- Passage for the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic plexus.
- Crucial to preserve during anterior or lateral surgical approaches to avoid vascular injury.
Image
Figure: These are illustrations of the subaxial cervical spine, posterior (left), and lateral views (right). 1. Superior articular surface. 2. Lateral mass. 3. Lamina. 4. Spinous process. 5. Inferior articular surface. 6. Transverse foramen
